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Showing posts with label 公共工程. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 公共工程. Show all posts

Saturday, June 3, 2017

防洪用20年雨量 學者:忽略60年前的梅雨威力

防洪用20年雨量 學者:忽略60年前的梅雨威力
記者雷光涵╱即時報導/聯合報
梅雨炸彈炸台灣,災情慘重。師大地理系教授洪致文指出,政府防洪設計常僅使用近二、三十年雨量紀錄,忽略台灣1940年代、1950年代梅雨威力與颱風一樣,1980年代後,颱風致災性與強度高於梅雨,甚至有空梅,以致防災都轉向颱風。他建議,國土規畫應以更長的周期檢視。洪致文說,近來若逢豪雨成災,常見各界馬上把原因歸咎大自然的反撲。但他與研究團隊發現,氣候特性本來就是變動的,建議國土規畫不能看二、三十年的數據統計,忽略60年以上的氣候循環。
他說,2011年曼谷洪災,從統計看,曼谷是在二次大戰進入相對乾的年代,因經濟起飛,拚命開發,到20世紀末、21世紀初周期,回到多雨期,結果造成洪水釀災;台灣也要避免因過度開發,導致悲劇。
洪致文團隊蒐集台灣一百多年雨量所做統計年總雨量變化,歸納建立出一個超過百年的台灣降雨指數(TRI)。根據這份資料,日據時代中後期台灣雨量較多,戰後1960年至1990年雨量較少,2000年後顯著增加。洪致文表示,回顧歷史資料,會發現很多地方的氾濫區域比現在更大,極端強降雨事件也是台灣歷史有過的。
洪致文說,1960年到1990年間台灣人口快速增加,經濟起飛,都市擴張的發展階段,因為雨量較少,政府與人民逐漸失去防洪與自然威脅的警覺態度,將許多日據時代氣候多雨期未被開發的滯洪用地、河川地都拿來使用。當2000年後台灣雨量開始增加,進入氣候上相對的多雨期時,以戰後少雨期所認知的土地利用、河川地開發、堤防建設、水資源管理等,便容易在進入多雨年代後出現問題。
洪致文表示,長期氣候的訊號,超過了人類記憶,有些周期甚至是80年,規畫只用二、三十年水文資料,難抓到長周期訊號;面對開發利益的衝突,人們往往是健忘的。他擔憂,或許颱風紅了30年以後,現在梅雨的強度又要釀災了。
交通部運研所因應氣候變遷所可能帶來的衝擊,曾做出國道等脆弱度地圖、風險地圖等。洪致文說,這份資料也是用20年資料重現200年的狀況,雖然統計上合理,實務上會有盲點。

Thursday, July 14, 2016

【政府採購】​#12 Performance-based Service Contract - Non-Revenue Water Management

先來說個小故事, 作個引子; 1983 -1990 年間, 我任英國最大 Public Heath
(主要是自來水及污排水)一家 Consulting Engineer 台灣及,印尼及馬來西亞
代表; 某日,  General Partner 談及他們公司, 于 1960初期, 經世界銀行甄選,
承包漢城自來水測漏及補漏工程, 負責提供貸款基金的世界銀行, 強力建議試用
這種 '積效,並附加獎金' 新型合約方式; 甲乙雙方先同意一基準目標, 30%,另
超過的額外節省水量, 雙方對分; 以兩年時間作結算, 如未達 30%, 拿錢滾蛋,
若達成目標, 續作三年; 他說, 簽了合約, 他們找了英國自由水公退休的幾位
幹了幾十年的測漏老技師, 代購了儀器設備, 依合約規定, 在三個月內訓練出
一百位當地韓國人技工, 亞分別帶他們至現埸示範, 如何正確判讀反射波訊號,
當地來接受訓的青年人幹勁十足, 都是晚上出動, 因晚間大家不用水, 輸送
管內壓力加大, 漏水自不良接頭或細微破損處摻出, 以雷達波原理製造的儀器
,藉著耳機即可判讀;  不到半年, 那節省 30% 目標即達成; 有此出人意外
戰績, 世銀加碼, 加另三個城市; 他說, 那最後三年, 對半分紅讓賺翻了;

This is absolutely a 'Win-Win' situation;

This type of contracting could be applied in other fields as well, like road and
maintenance, city parks, even civil servant's salary; 

james


Totex: performance-based service contracts are the way ahead
Performance-based management contract for a water project

Performance-based contracting in the construction sector
Maximizing Performance-Based Contracting
What Performance-Based Contracting Really Means for Procurement Goals
GAO-02-1049 - CONTRACT MANAGEMENT - Guidance Needed for Using Performance-Based Service Contracting
Performance-Based Contracting in the Air Force - A Report on Experiences in the Field

7 Steps to Executing a Performance-based Service Acquisition
Performance-Based Contracting for Maintenance
Model Long-Range Transportation Plans: A Guide for Incorporating Performance-Based Planning

OECD - Promoting the Use of Performance-based Service Contracts between Water Utilities and Municipalities
http://www.oecd.org/environment/outreach/40572658.pdf
OECD - Guidelines for Performace-based Contract between Water Utilities and Municipalities - Lessons from Eastern Europe, Caucus and Central Asia
http://www.oecd.org/env/resources/49092291.pdf
OECD - Private Sector Participation in Water Infrastructure
              Check List for Public Actions

Optimal Contract Mechanism Design for Performance-Based Contracts
WorldBank - Reducing Water Loss in Developing Countries using Performance-based Service Contracting
WorldBank - Public-Private
​ ​
Partnership Enhance Water Utilities' Performance in Armenia
Corporatizing a Water Utility : A Successful Case Using a Performance-BasedService Contract for ONEA in Burkina Faso

Infrastructure Optimization and Performance Monitoring - Empirical Experience in Uganda
http://www.nwsc.co.ug/files/publications/Optimisation%20paper-Published%20AJBM.pdf?id=55
Environmental & Social Analysis - Water Supply Improvement Project - Kingston City
http://www.nwcjamaica.com/PDFs/KMA/20110630%20-%20KMA_watersupplyproject.pdf
Incorporating Sustainability in Infrastructure ROI - The Energy Cost of Deferred Maintenance in Municipal Water  System
http://www.rccao.com/news/files/RCCAO_Report_Draft4.pdf

Literature Review - Performance-based Service Contracts
http://www.uky.edu/SocialWork/qicpcw/documents/QICPCWPBCLiteratureReview.pdf
http://www.uky.edu/SocialWork/qicpcw/documents/PBC-NIGP%20survey.pdf
Pros & Cons of Performance-Based Service Contract
http://web.missouri.edu/~podgurskym/articles/files/Pros_cons.pdf
Next Generation Performance-Based Support Contracts – Achieving the Outcomes that Defence Requires 
http://tinyurl.com/gwcnvna
Methodology for Optimal NRW Program Design
http://www.iwa-waterloss.org/2012/Final_Papers_1/2.pdf
http://www.aneas.com.mx/contenido/Poyry_MX_FL_Meeting_Oct11.pdf

Manila Water Supply Project
http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PapersLinks/502.pdf
http://www.iwa-waterloss.org/2012/Final_Papers_3/98.pdf
http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/spiwebsite1.nsf/ProjectDisplay/ERS11232
http://www1.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/160ac4804d332fd589accdf81ee631cc
/Manila+Water.2012.pdf?MOD=AJPERES

Selango, Malaysia Non-Revenue Water Loss Reduction Project
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWSS/Resources/WSS8fin4.pdf
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTWAT/Resources/4602122-1213366294492/5106220-1213366309673/26.2Non-RevenueWaterReduction-AnInternationalUpdate.pdf
http://www.iwa-waterloss.org/2012/Final_Papers_2/68.pdf
http://www.thenutgraph.com/19709/

Public-Private Partnership Contract for Urban Water Utilities
http://freepdfdb.com/pdf/the-ppp-experience-for-urban-water-utilities-10254948.html

Preparation of a Performace-based Contract for Dar es Salaam (MCC)
http://www.aspa-utilities.com/pdf/news/0001_news.pdf
Model Contract Forms
http://www.efc.unc.edu/publications/Presentations/UMPW/UMPW_wholesale_water_supply_agreement.pdf
http://www.water.ca.gov/swpao/wsc.cfm


Proceedings of the 3rd Regional Activity on Non-Revenue Water Management: 
 Solutions for Drinking Water Loss Reduction
Performance Based Contracting

​B)​
A review of the evidence on the impact, effectiveness and value for money ofperformance-related pay (PRP) in the public sector - Publications - GOV.UK
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/a-review-of-the-evidence-on-the-impact-effectiveness-and-value-for-money-of-performance-related-pay-in-the-public-sector

Full Report
Performance-related Pay in the Public Sector

OECD - Incentives in the Public Sector: Evidence from a Government Agency
OECD - Improving Public Sector Efficiency: Challenges  and Opportunities
Improving Public-Sector Performance Management: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back?
Motivation, incentives and performance in the public sector
The use of sanctions  and rewards in the  public sector
Performance pay in the public sector: A review of the  issues and evidence
The Role of Incentives in the Public Sector:  Issues and Evidence
BENCHMARKING AND USE OF TARGETS IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS
Incentives in Organisations: A Selective Overview of the Literature with Application to the Public Sector
Performance-related Pay in the Public Sector : A Review of Theory and Evidence
Incentivising performance
The Use and Usefulness of Performance  Measures in the Public Sector
Leading Public Service  Organizations How to obtain employees with high self-efficacy
Challenges in the implementation of performance contracting  initiative in Kenya 
Enhancing Professionalization of Human Resource Management in the Public  Service in Africa
Integrity, Transparency and Accountability in Public Sector  Human Resources Management

Public services evidence reviews
Performance-Based Rewards for Teachers: A  Literature Review 

The Public Release of Performance Data What Do We Expect to Gain? A Review of the Evidence

*Performance Management - U of Maryland
Performance Assessment: The State of the Art
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PROCESS PMP Form

Office of Manpower Economics
Publications by Office of Manpower Economics
The Impact of the Public Sector Pay Review Bodies in the UK

Wednesday, July 13, 2016

【政府採購】#11 ​Government Services - National Health Services

【政府採購】#11 ​Government Services - National Health Services

Green Book supplementary guidance: health


Collection Procurement, choice and competition in the NHS: documents and guidance
Collection NHS commissioners: documents and guidance
The National Health Service (Procurement, Patient Choice and Competition) (No. 2) Regulations 2013
Substantive  guidance on the  Procurement,  Patient Choice and  Competition  Regulations
Planning and delivering  service changes for patients 
The National Health Service (Procurement, Patient Choice and Competition) Regulations 2013: made under sections 75 to 77 of the Health and Social Care Act  2012 - Notes on each regulation 

【政府採購】​#10 PFI in Social Housing

【政府採購】​#10 PFI in Social Housing



PFI in Social housing
Full report 
Methodology
case studies summary report 
Accounting treatment of PFI housing projects
Project details 

 An evaluation tool for design quality: PFI sheltered housing

Architecture Design Quality Evaluation Tool
Architecture Design Quality Evaluation Tool for Sheltered Accommodation User Guide

Using Evidence-Based Global Housing Indicators for Policy Evaluation of Rental Housing and Vacant Properties
Affordable Housing: Tenant-Based Rental Assistance Programs   
Strategic Plan 2012 - 2015 - A world class social and affordable housing system in Western Australia. 
Developing an Evidence-based Social Housing Policy
Providing the evidence base for local housing need and demand assessments

Cambridge U - Providing the evidence base for local housing need and demand  assessments
Cambridge U - Providing the evidence base for  local housing need and demand  assessments - Appendices



Evidence-based Policy in UK  Housing
Social Stratety - Policy - Decent, stable, and affordable housing
Lessons  from  Abroad International Approaches to  Promoting Evidence–Based  Social Policy
Improving Housing, Improving Health : the Potential to Development Evidenced-based Healthy Housing Policy
MORE THAN JUST LOOKING GOOD:  TOWARDS AN EVIDENCE-BASED DESIGN PRACTICE IN AFFORDABLE HOUSING 
Building on Recent Advances in  Evidence-Based Policymaking
Social Digital Series: Digital inclusion and evidence-based policy: Insights from Wales    
A Case Study of Knowledge Management in Multiagency Consumer-Informed `Communities of Practice': Implications for Evidence-Based Policy Development in Health and Social Services
Modernisation, marketisation and housing reform: The use of evidence based policy as a rationality discourse
What Works in Social Policy?  Findings From Well-Conducted Randomized Controlled Trials
A Validated Resource Used By Congressional & Executive Branch Officials To Distinguish Research-Proven Social Programs from Everything Else
Social Mixing as a Cure for Negative Neighbourhood  Effects: Evidence Based Policy or Urban Myth?
Three Evidence-Based Lessons for Future Housing Policy
"‘Evidence-based policy’ "  
Welsh housing  policy: where next?
The right to housing  
Moving Toward Evidence-Based Housing Programs for Persons with Mental Illness in Contact with the Justice System
Housing Policy - The Center specializes in developing solutions through research

Housing Statement - New Zealand

New Urbanism in Michigan - Evidence-based Policy Suggestions
Housing First

【政府採購】​#9 - Procurement Policies for Government’s IT Technology Strategy

【政府採購】​#9 - Procurement Policies for Government’s IT Technology Strategy

Guidance Procurement policy note 09/11
​   ​
: open standards when specifying IT requirements  

Government as a Platform
Guidance on ICT contracts that exceed £100m
Open Standards Principles 
Government Service Design Manual
Digital and technology skills: Commercial and procurement
Resources for Chief Technology Officers.
‘Cloud First’ policy
CloudStore
 ‘red lines’ for IT contracts
Cyber Essentials scheme, or Cyber Essentials Plus

Digital and technology skills: Essentials for digital specialists
Digital and technology skills: Service management
Digital and technology skills: Agile business analysis Manual 
Digital and technology skills: User research
Digital and technology skills: Operations engineering