最受歡迎 30天 | Most Popular 30 days

Monday, June 27, 2016

【來長點學問】竹子的神奇功用

【來長點學問】竹子的神奇功用 

卅多年前
​, 
因工作關係
​, 
接觸到各類植物
​, 
如水土保育
​,
園藝作物
​,
​ 
各類草坪雜草
​
等
​, 
得知了一些皮毛
​
​
​
​
​
​, 
在此分享
​;
首先
​, 
台灣這個島嶼
​,
得天獨厚
​, 
有全世界最豊富
​
的植物相;
​
在接觸過的各類植物中
​,
印象最深的
​, 
​
是培地茅
​ (
大陸
稱
​ ‘
香根草
​’ (Vetiver Grass),​
​
​
​
​
​但有
​
幾位前輩告我
​,
功效
最快
​,
用途最廣的
應屬
​
竹子
​ (Bamboo),
及楊柳
​ 
(Salix spp.)
 (
以後再說
​)​
; 
今天耗了半天時間
​, 
上網溜覽了一番
​, 
才知
​,
這竹子簡直是個神奇到不得了
​
植物
​; 
它生長速度
​
驚人
​,​
​
​
​
​
​
​ 
​
每個
月可生長
​ 10 cm, ​
勿需施肥及任何養護
​,​
三年不到
​, 
即可成林
​, ​
​
相對於樹木, 
須
​ 15 -20 
年才能達到可利用的优勢
​, 
加上它的
吸收
​
二
​
氧
​
​化碳
​
是
​
一般
​
森林
​的
​ 3-4
倍
​, 
現不少資金投入
​
竹子
森林
​, 
是項獲利極高的新興投資標的
​; 

植物學家在中國大陸己發現有
​ 1,000 
多種類
​
的竹子
​, 
其中
有矮種
​
​
​的
​, 
可作為盆景
​, 
或景觀樹
​
種
​ (
​
還記得那 '​
​
​
​ 可使食無肉,
不可居無竹。 無肉令人瘦,無竹令人俗。 人瘦尚可肥,
俗士不可醫。 旁人笑此言,似高還似痴。
​); ​
 

說到它的功用
​, 
那真是多到說不完
​; 
全身上下都是寶貝
​,
桿莖
​
白子用途可作
​
傢俱
​, 
造屋
​, 
工程鷹架
​, 
手工藝品
​, 
如竹籃
​,
花架
​
等
​
​, ​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​另可製作竹炭
​, 
活性炭
​, 
化粧品
​ (
除粧用
​); 

它在水土保持的功效, 
更是不可小看
​; 
當年
​, 
南部曾文水庫
建成時
​
​, 因地質脆弱、坡度陡峭與降雨集中等先天條件不良
因素
​, ​
遍尋固土的植物
​, 
因當地的地質屬
​泥岩
​, ​
砂頁岩, 頁岩
​;
 
​這些泥岩(Mudstone)
​<​
http://bit.ly/29895Ce
​>
​<http://tinyurl.com/hrop2h3
​>​, 
南部關廟
​, 
燕巢
​
地區
均屬此種
​, 
它可說是工程師的惡夢
​, 
因為它
​
的硬度極高
​, 
一般
植物的根系均無法
​
​
​
​
​
​穿入
​, 
所以
​, 
南二高在燕巢一帶
​, 
可看到
​
有如
​
月球表面
​
一般的
​
​
​
​地表
​, 
寸
​
草
​
不生
​, 說起
​ '
​
月世界
​', 大家就
可想像到了
​; 
不過
​, 
這俗謂「一物治一物,糯米治木蝨」
​
最後就只有刺竹
​
的根系
​
能
​
穿透
​
​這難搞的地質
​; 
另外
​, 
我在
2002 - 3 
年
​, 
隨同台大一位教授
​, 
到月世界
​, 
試種
​ '
培地茅
​'
蹌了十幾次現埸
​, 
經幾個月觀察
​, 
發現适應得很好
​;​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
Inline images 1

另中國人好吃
​, 
當然
​, 
不會忘了吃它的根部
​, 
七月
​
​
​份
​,
北部的
綠竹筍(產期五~十月,盛產五~七月)
​,​ 
劍筍(三~四月盛
產,八~九月次產)
​
及
​
桂竹筍(四~五月)
​; 
而江浙餐
​
館
​
中
的雪菜炒冬筍
​, 
更是非點不可
​
白子好口味
​; ​
​
​
​
 
​
另一小秘密
​, 
燉雞湯時​, 先放入一小塊竹筍
​, 
保証湯汁鮮美
​;​
​

另外​, 竹子的纖維
​
是製造手抄紙的基材
​, 
現雲南一村子
​, 
仍以
此項手藝
​, 
提供
​
給
​
歐美收藏家
​
​
​
​;
​(http://goo.gl/Upe1ah
​;​
​  
https://goo.gl/9qktTQ
​)​;
當然, 蕭,笛
​
樂器
​, 
古人畫竹更是
​
陶冶
​
人生
​
​的好伴侶
​;

竹子之用矣哉
​!

james​
​
​
​
​
​
​
​
Bamboo: The Miracle Plant
https://goo.gl/gVG1k5
The Amazing Story of the Chinese Bamboo Tree
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arLieu6sMLc
Nature and Science 03/01/2013 Forest China: Fujian's bamboo forest
https://goo.gl/k7iWWo
China moves to develop bamboo industry
https://goo.gl/vBe0Bd
 Bamboo plantation a profitable enterprise
https://goo.gl/kvoV3Z
Farm Bamboo for Profit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RI1rzC9mZdo

​MIT - ​
Bamboo Engineering
https://goo.gl/yXMW8m

Bamboo Joint Lashing Techniques

https://goo.gl/KcJyiC
Bamboo - the Wise Man's Timber
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RC638t4HhHY
Bamboo Revolution & Bamboo Valley Begin Growing Bamboo for Timber Harvest
https://goo.gl/2AgXlq

 (
黃土高原水土保育經驗
​)​
​
BBC Radio 4's Green Gold - The Bamboo Boom
https://goo.gl/dawumI
Green Gold - Documentary by John D. Liu
https://goo.gl/QJ4Ir
BBC Future Building the Great Green Wall of China
https://goo.gl/jreYBM
How to green the world's deserts and reverse climate change
https://goo.gl/TGwOd
Desertification [English]
https://goo.gl/bzXNLf
UNCCD to prevent the desertification 
https://goo.gl/xY0ktS
Lessons of the Loess Plateau
​ (
黃土高原水土保育經驗
​)​
​
https://goo.gl/hG83X0
Reversing Desertification in Sahel: Using Lessons from the Loess Plateau
https://goo.gl/MASm04
Rolling Back the Desert in Senegal
https://goo.gl/oPKOJ5
The incredible story of the Loess Plateau also known as the Green wall of China
https://goo.gl/rkZGeI
Turning the tide on desertification in Africa
https://goo.gl/02w9kR

Bamboo Charcoal introductions & benefits
https://goo.gl/0W3dsm
Bmboo Charcoal Making - Cambodia HARVEST
https://goo.gl/gdI1hn
The process of Making Bio-briquette
https://goo.gl/c3Hi1g
Japanese Charcoal - Part 1
https://goo.gl/w5PRXB
Japanese Charcoal - Part 2
https://goo.gl/XRMscG
Chrysanthemum charcoal from Satoyama
https://goo.gl/62Poi8
Taketaro Bamboo Charcoal Products Quality Japanese 
​ ​
Bamboo Charcoal Products Supplier 2
https://goo.gl/I3LN03
Yucabam Bamboo Charcoal
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0zSOGtS6tQ
​  

​
Activated Bamboo Charcoal (6-in-1) Pack - 
​
Facial
 ​
Deep cleansing. 
The ABC Pack transforms your skin in six miraculous ways
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sLkeVKxda8
Blossom Kochhar Aroma Magic Vitamin C Facial
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFauIDq92jw

Lucky Bamboo Improves Your Style Fortune
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_hRw0nbDOI
Lucky Bamboo: For Beginners
https://goo.gl/rINFhS
Lucky Bamboo Arrangements WIth Crystal Ball Beads
https://goo.gl/G5DDQK
Lucky Bamboo: Potting
https://goo.gl/5ikaZl
Various type of Lucky Bamboo by www.luckybambooshop.com
https://goo.gl/cqvjoq
Beautiful Bamboo Trees ( Lucky Plants / Lucky Bamboo )
https://goo.gl/SN3fKy
How to make Draceana Lucky Bamboo
https://goo.gl/WHp3ph
How To Propagate Your Lucky Bamboo
https://goo.gl/ZNjKrF
The Best Looking Lucky Bamboo Plants - Propagating
https://goo.gl/gqnEnI
How to tell if your Lucky Bamboo is healthy (w/ WebPromo)
https://goo.gl/KUNz2H
Lucky Bamboo Care Tips
https://goo.gl/L1O6SR

How to Grow Buddah Belly BAMBOO From Cuttings - It's EASY!
https://goo.gl/yev6uN
Bamboo Containers 
https://goo.gl/ckJK5Z

Bambusa vulgaris Wamin - Dwarf Buddha's Belly Bamboo

https://goo.gl/tyRieU
How to Grow Buddah Belly BAMBOO From Cuttings - It's EASY!
https://goo.gl/yev6uN
How To safely plant Creeping Black Bamboo in pots - running bamboo
https://goo.gl/f35g2Q
How to Plant Bamboo and Keep it Contained



How to Plant Bamboo and Keep it Contained



The Chinese Bamboo
https://goo.gl/VMxtKn
Life Lessons of The Chinese Bamboo Plant
https://goo.gl/1ZbWIk
Watch bamboo grow
https://goo.gl/N4sTBZ

How Fast Does Bamboo Grow?
https://goo.gl/bhiWmb

Bamboo growth - 60 days in 60 seconds
https://goo.gl/yYDBmI
Growing Giant Bamboo Fast - How to grow bamboo From SEED
https://goo.gl/7wFk15
How to Grow Bamboo Seeds Part 2 Growing Bamboo from Seed
https://goo.gl/7n3CWV
Bamboo Revolution & Bamboo Valley Begin Growing Bamboo for Timber Harvest
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CP8u3BNBa-M

BAMBOO TREKKING
https://goo.gl/zPpiVu
Forest China / Butterfly in the Bamboo Forest 
1/4
https://goo.gl/uugtlK
2/4
https://goo.gl/dlRCo5
3/4
https://goo.gl/1u5M8J
4/4
https://goo.gl/vuDOVl

Bamboo Studies - Chinese Bird and Flower Painting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TLebxDUBt4

水墨画 竹https://goo.gl/6xsh1i
https://goo.gl/tGDgM

Sunday, June 26, 2016

【開講】中國的崛起

【開講】中國的崛起

Is China Finally Overtaking the United States?
https://goo.gl/qZF4q3
Political and Security Challenges in Asia, A Chinese Perspective
https://goo.gl/iy2PQQ
China's 5th Generation Leadership's Approaches to Defense and Security
https://goo.gl/1zNxyL
John J. Mearsheimer - Realism and the Rise of China
https://goo.gl/yxxUFQ
Taiwan's Battle To Keep China Out - YouTube   
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEXSF7e3d9c
Videographic: What does China want?
https://goo.gl/4MVnER
China's Underwater High-Speed Train to America | China Uncensored
https://goo.gl/mVyXpH
 Who Authorized Preparations for War With China?
https://goo.gl/eLGdd4



【講些正經的!】 ‘小麥的前世、今生與來世’

好像在去年或前年, 在同學群組上曾貼過一文, ‘小麥的前世今生’   
但為了再續昨日有關侏儒小麥, 再論有關基改作物, 想去找出
那篇不夠成熟的舊文,遍尋不著; 但畢竟還是讓我找到, 再重覆
在本文最後; 

在網上胡亂找時, 發現這題目的討論, 有不少在佛教有關的網站,
說的是關於輪迴的議題;‘小麥的前世、今生與來世’ 
(http://goo.gl/avhM9R); (我推想這是佛經中所謂的大千世界,
眾生平等, 符合有機農業宣揚的 '生物多樣性' (BioDiversity),
我胡亂推論的, 不對的話, 請指正;

自從「遺傳學之父」尊稱的孟德爾以豌豆為材料,開始歷經八年實驗,
證明上一代的特徵遺傳給下一代是遵循著一個定律而不是漫無目的;
他以高莖如矮莖為例,首先將矮莖豌豆雄蕊摘掉,再將高莖豌豆的花粉
撒再矮莖豌豆的柱頭上,使兩者交配,觀察他們所產生的子代為高莖
或矮莖; 後有科學家注意到細胞核內的染色體,而遺傳基因是染色體
的一部份。現代生物科技的紀元正式起始於1953年4月25日,當華生
(James Watson)和克立克(Francis Crick)在《Nature》雜誌上提出
DNA的雙螺旋構造。他們的論文極短,但卻開啟了生命科學學的時代,
影響的卻深遠。也因此獲得1962年的諾貝爾生理醫學獎。
1914年,夏爾和易斯特發現自交作物經雜交可大為提高生產力,因而
帶動玉米與其他作物的雜交研究。 1963年,比切爾首先成功完成水稻
雜交,被稱為『雜交水稻之父』。1983年,奇頓最早發表基因改造植物。
特找出這一系列在遺傳學及細胞分子學上的重大事件,來引出下面有關
基改作物的正反兩邊辯証緣由 (Hybridization vs Genetically 
Modified) ; (Crossbreeding 是指動物或人類在同一物種下的交配;
若跨物種 Transgenic Animals, 如驢與馬交配而生出的騾,
公驢和母馬的基因較容易結合子是一種動物,有雌雄之分,分爲驢騾和
馬騾,但是沒有生育的能力)

以下是現代小麥究意是經大自然雜交, 抑或人為操弄基因改造兩方的辯論:

這是主張, 為改良品種, 如提高產量, 或抗虫害, 抗旱等特性,
以雜交遺傳 (Hybridization)的自然結果, 而不是操弄基改作物;
Wheat Improvement: The Truth Unveiled
http://tinyurl.com/hjabzrd
Ask Us Anything About GMOs!
https://goo.gl/E6TMqL
The Genetically Modified Crops Debate in the Context of Agriculture Evolution
http://tinyurl.com/gofszwe

但仍有不少專業者, 對 Monsanto 及 DuPont 的各種掠食性格的
各種隱誨商業行為及似是而非的辯詞不信任;
Wheat is NOT "genetically-modified"
I say “tomato,” you say “tomaato.”
http://goo.gl/E39wg
Book : Wheat Belly: Lose the Wheat, Lose the Weight, and Find Your 
 Path Back to Health 
https://goo.gl/T7W0es
Is gluten on the increase?
http://goo.gl/ZLGiq3
Can an Increase in Celiac Disease Be Attributed to an Increase in the 
Gluten Content of Wheat as a Consequence of Wheat Breeding?
http://tinyurl.com/j2j5jh2
Is GMO Wheat Increasing Celiac and Gluten Sensitivity?
https://goo.gl/2ent81
Wheat is NOT Genetically Modified…so why so Many Sensitivities?
<One of the reasons gluten sensitivity is on the rise is that wheat has been altered so that it has higher gluten content.>
http://goo.gl/lzrmV
Genetically Modified vs. Hybridized Food: Should We Be Concerned?
http://goo.gl/UMbiLp
What's wrong with modern wheat?
http://www.grainstorm.com/pages/modern-wheat

FOOD & RECIPES Whole Grains: What to Try and Why
http://goo.gl/vf7Uje
Eat to Ease Your Allergies
http://goo.gl/TTylLe
9 Seeds You Should Be Eating
http://goo.gl/35ERSA

進一步瞭解這議題, 可參考下列中文資料 :
有機農業四大原則的釐清 
<健康(Health)、生態(Ecology)、公平(Fairness)、謹慎(Care)>
觀點種子網 有機野譚首頁       
種基改作物比起有機農法對環境更好?
歐盟有機種苗規範的演進
有機農業的理念、規範以及消費者的抉擇
植物種源與有機農業 從種子多樣性談起
種子研究室網站
為何反對基改科技?基改不能解決糧食問題嗎?
https://goo.gl/Ztzvlf
 為什麼需要以有機農業來確保糧食生產呢?
https://goo.gl/KhWRtY
小麥的的功效與作用
http://goo.gl/rCqsXR
我們都有尼安德塔人的血統 基因組分析顯示,尼安德塔人和智人曾經混血
http://goo.gl/dxZfNM

或英文資料 (這 NGO 是聯合國有機農業顧問,權威性夠, 有能力訂出
化粧品成份是否是真按有機農業標準)
有機農業的原則─ (IFOAM,有機農業運動國際聯盟)   


小麥的前世今生!!
徐仲/小麥復興 | 聯合好評 | 評論 | 聯合新聞網
http://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/PIE0017/277334/web/

今晨撞到這篇短文,給我個機會介紹一些因應氣侯變遷小知識, 全世界農糧部門為食糧安全 (Food Security) 絞盡腦汁,思考如何在2050年,
餵飽全世界九十億人口的肚子; 在各式各樣的增产糧食方案中, 不再走以往 Green Growth (大量施肥,殺虫剂,除草剂,及單一作物)
的作法, 而改為有機農業 (特色為小農,在地生產及消費, 天敵式殺虫 <BPM - Biological Pest Management>, 複式作物等等);

另外,用基因改變的育種 (Plant Breeding)技術, 将主要作物 (Corn, Maize, Barley, Rye, Sorghum, Cassava 木薯,又稱樹薯) 的基因
改回到一萬年前先民發現那些作物的原始基因, 原因是当時的這些作物,因演化過程,本身就俱備了抗旱澇, 抗蟲害,與其他野草共生
的特性;

讀了三,四年有关氣侯變遷的論文, 簡而言之, 不外乎是還璞歸真, 愛物惜物, 互補共生而已!!

有興趣的, 可去連結逛逛;

FAO - The Origins of Agriculture and Crop Domestication
Part 6. Conservation of Wild Progenitors
CHAPTER 1 - Crop domestication and the first plant breeders
The Origins of Agriculture and Crop Domestication The Harlan Symposium
Domestication and the origins of agriculture: an appraisal
FAO - Fermented Cereals - A Global Perspective 
CHAPTER 1 CEREALS: RATIONALE FOR FERMENTATION
Patterns and processes in crop domestication: an historical review and quantitative analysis of 203 global food crops
The Domestication History of Cotton (Gossypium)

Crop wild relative
Introduction to the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Genetics and genomics of crop domestication
How We Can Tame Overlooked Wild Plants to Feed the World
The Origins of Agriculture in the Near East
Seeking Agriculture’s Ancient Roots 
The complex origins of domesticated crops in the Fertile Crescent
http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/367/1/WRAP_Allaby_.pdf
Where Did Farming Begin?
http://www.archatlas.dept.shef.ac.uk/OriginsFarming/Farming.php
Neolithic founder crops
Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent
http://environment.yale.edu/publication-series/documents/downloads/0-9/103jaradat.pdf
Recent lessons from Near Eastern archaeobotany: wild cereal use, predomestication cultivation and tracing multiple origins and dispersals. 
CROPS OF THE EARLY FARMERS (TRANSITION TO AGRICULTURE, 7000–4000 B.C.) (Ancient Europe)
http://what-when-how.com/ancient-europe/crops-of-the-early-farmers-transition-to-agriculture-70004000-b-c-ancient-europe/
Mysteriouda Origins of Crop Plants
The evolution of weeds: De-domestication?
The role of wild grasses in subsistence and sedentism: new evidence from the northern Fertile Crescent
Genetic diversity, evolution and domestication of Triticeae in the Fertile Crescent
Chogha Golan Finds Shed New Light on Origins of Agriculture in Fertile Crescent
What was the Origins of Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent Like? (2004)
Beginnings of Agriculture in Fertile Crescent More Widespread Than Thought, Study Says
Transition From Foraging To Farming Occurred Throughout The Entire Fertile Crescent

The red queen in the corn: agricultural weeds as models of rapid adaptive evolution
On the Origin and Domestication History of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication
Study Traces Cat’s Ancestry to Middle East
Cultigen
"Pharming," : A Cure for the Common Farm?

HLPE - High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition - Portal
Aquaculture, farming and development: an FAO consultation
The Role of Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture for Food Security and Nutrition
The Role of Sustainable Fisheries and 8 Aquaculture for Food Security and Nutrition
The Role of Sustainable Fisheries and 8 Aquaculture for Food Security and Nutrition 9 10 V0 DRAFT
HLPE consultation on the V0 draft of the Report: The Role of Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture for Food Security and Nutrition
SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY FOR FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION


Miserere - Luciano Pavarotti and Zucchero
https://goo.gl/PJXf6k
Cranberries (Dolores ORiordan) & Zucchero _Pure Love
https://goo.gl/6KKOUz
The Cranberries - Linger
https://goo.gl/GUPrXB
The Cranberries - Zombie
https://goo.gl/GfkwB8