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Monday, November 16, 2015

【沈廚子開講】 生態工程及工法(2)

海大清淤 害火金姑無家歸？ - 中時電子報
http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20140923000534-260107

前日以 「焚琴煮鶴」批判上述這兩則新聞, 記者們只作​了​浮淺的表面報導,
無能也無力去作深一層的挖掘, 找出何以致此的背後原因, 更不要​說如何
找出病灶, 加以矯正, 走上正途; 

 與台灣的工程界打交道, 那是我這一生中最主要的活動, 雖然不具工程底
子, 可是很早就看穿, 那是個不太需動腦的行當, 踫到的那些工程師們自認
專業, 但全是一批固步自封, 不求進取, 直線性思考, 老是自纏在隧道視野
(​Tunnel Vision) 裡​打轉的頑固學​匠或小官僚; ​當​然​, 這​一​桿​子​打​翻​一​船​人​,
​對​少​數​, 極​少​數​人​, ​​​​​​​​有​點​不​公​, 但​就​是​這​個​自​認​專​業​的​小​圈​子​, 給​​​​​​​​​​​我​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​的​總​体​印​象​,
這​當​然​會​讓​我​成​為​眾​人​眼​中​釘​ (ruffle their feathers; or pain in the ass)​​, 
不​過​, 我​也​不太​在​乎​; 

 感​受​如​此​深​切​​​​​​​​, 主​要​在​於​我​從​事​引​進​新​工​程​材料​及​工​法​的​行​當​, ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​每​次​我​在
​推​廣​一​些​來​自​國​外​, 而​且​巳使​用​多​年​, 技​術​很​成​熟​​​​的​新​工​程​材​料​或​工​法​時​, 
針對這些在國內從未見過的新東西, 每次都是做足了功課, 不但收集國​際​
工​程​期​刊​​​​​書面發​表​過​的​工​程​案​例​, 甚​至​飛​到​國​外​廠​商​工​廠​地​, 親​自​看​製​造
過​程​, 如​何​品​管​, 像​驗​收​原​料​, 廠​內​實​驗​室​的​各​項​實​驗​, 甚​至​到​案​例​的​工​地​,
全​程​看​施​工​過​程​,; 如​此​, 我​才​敢​去取​得​代​理​權​, 取​得​後​, 如​果​國​內​實​驗​室​有​能​力
作​測​試​, 我​會​至​少​會​去​幾​個​不​同​實​驗​室​, ​​​​​​​​​作​過​半​打​上​的​實​驗​, 原​因​是​他​們​用​妁
測​試​設​備​, 都​是​幾​個​老​師​夫​在​地​下​鐵​工​廠​裡​敲​敲​打​打​, 土​法​煉​鋼​弄​出​來​的
破​爛​玩​意​味​, 同一​批​測​試​樣​本​, 每​次​測​試​結​果​都​不​一​樣​, 那​可​都​是​國​家​級​, 或
國​立​大​學​裡​土​木​​工​程​系​的​實​驗​室​呢​! ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​真​是​一​言​難​盡​, 無​限​的​無​奈​又​心​酸​;
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

​我​之​所​以​批​判​​​​​​這​些頑固學​匠或小官僚​懶​得​動​腦​, 只​會​緊​抱​僅​在​​大​學​時​代​
學​過​的​那​幾​個​經​驗​工​程​方​程​式​, 不願張開眼睛看看這世界上, ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​台灣還在
原地踏步, 抱​殘守缺​, ​​固步自封​; 別的國家的土木, 水利, 水土保持, 
及​有​關​的​新​科​門​​​​​​等, 無論學理或實務, ​如​人​造纖​維​,​​​​​​塑​膠​類​, 高​分​子​化​工​原​料​, 
​甚​至​奈米​​​​等​新​材​料​, ​​​​​​等​均​​​​​​​​​​​​都​成​了​新​工​程​材​料​​​​​​, ​又​微​生​物​,各​種​細​菌​更​在​環​工
​工​程​日​漸​明​日​之​星​, 另​植​物​也​在​污​染​土​地​復​原​上​, 漸​受​重​視​; 有次​我​將
​一​張​英​國​在​一​公​園​內​以​ FRP (強​化​纖​維​塑​膠​, 俗​稱​ '塑​鋼​') 建​造​的人​行​拱​橋​
的​照​片​, ​​給​一​位​資​深​的​工​程​師​看​, 他​就​一​付​難​以​至​信​的​表​情​, 說​,會​不​會​是​在​
水​泥​上​塗​個​漆​什​麼​的​; ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

 譬​如​, 每​次​我​在​聽​說​, 某​項​工​程​因​​施​用​現​有材​料​或​工​法​, ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​一​直​失​敗​時​, 而​去​​遊​說​
​新​的​解​決​方​案​時​, 幾​乎​十​之​八​九​, 不​是​推​三阻​四​, 或​是​用​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​個​最​混​帳​不​過​的​, 
比​老​太​婆​裹​腳布​還​臭​上​十​倍的​一​句​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​老​套​回​答​​​ :​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​「​沈​先​生​, 很​抱​歉​,只​有​你​一​家​供​應​,  這​新​東​西​是​專​利​, 沒​有​三​家​, 如​果​用​了​,
那​就​是​圖​利​廠​商​了​​!​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​」​按​著​性​子​, 解​釋​一​番​, 可​供​應​者​, 美​國​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​有​卅​多家​​​​​,
日​本​十​​餘家​​​​​, 荷​蘭​兩​家​, ​​​​​德​法​各​一​家​, 瑞​典​也有​兩​家​, 這​些​寶​貝​蛋​再​給​了
更​天​才​無​比​的​回​答​ ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​「​可​是​台​灣​現​在​就​只​有​你​一​家​!​​​​​​​​​​​​​」​真​是​他​娘​的​叫​人​吐​血
三​斗​!!!​​​​​​​​​​​​

 ​再來​談​談​這​病​灶​在​那​兒​?

 首​先​, 最致​命​處​, 是​學​校​裡​在​制​定​課​程​時​, ​​​​​​​從​未​認​真​考​慮​到​科​際​整​合​​; ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

 舉​幾​個​例​, ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​譬如專結構的, 在設計橋樑時, 只管上部結構, 不管那些橋墩深入
河床土壤的下部結構, 說那不是他家的事, 是搞土壤管的, 至於橋柱被河水淘刷, 
那更不是他的事, 是歸水土保持管的, 所以, 各位可看到南投及台中縣山區的
好些橋樑, 每遇颳風或大雨, 就能毀上好幾座,好不容易重建座全新的, 不出半年, 
遇大雨又給毀了, 為何, 因為那新橋的設計就是抄自原舊橋; 好, 找個教授向他取經, 
總可以吧, 那想​到​這新的和尚唸的經, 還是那老調子; 真箇像個惡循環, 打了幾年
交道後,​ ​終於悟出了這其中緣由, 那要命的致命處, 在於學校的工程教育​課​程​​裡, 
沒一項教工程整合的​; 有​這​項​認​知​, 是​​​​​來​自​一​位​​​​​​​英​國​的​工​程​師​, 他​​在​一​位​歐​洲
最​大​顧​問​工​程​公​司​, 是​位​ Proposal Engineer, 有​次​來​台​撰​寫​為​台​北​捷​運​工​程
首​段​淡​水​新​店​線​的​設​計​監​造​工​程​服​務​標​案​; 與​他​聊​及​這​現​象​, 他​未​直​接​回​復​,
只​講​了​一​典​故​, 他​問​我, James, 你​知​道​ ​​​Civil Engineering ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​這字​彙​​是​如​何​來​的​?
我​當​然​不​知​道​, 他​談​到​, 早​在​十​九​世​紀​的​後​半​段​, 大​英​帝​國​在​全​世​界​開疆辟土​,
軍隊​在​佔​領​別​人​家​的​土​地​時​, 逢​山​挖​洞​, 遇​水​架​橋​, 原​由​軍​隊​中​的​工​匠​, 礦​工​
施​作​, 將​這​位​人​​​統稱​為​ Military Engineers, ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​後​來​, 這​些​人​在​英​國​的​ '戰​爭​部​'
​(War Department) ​下設​立​的​特​別​單​位​, 匯​總​了​所​有​有​關​的知​識​, 現​在​稱​為
Royal Engineer; 其​中​的​測​量​單​位​ (Ordnance Survey)​​​​​​​​​​​ 負​責​​全國​的​平​面​測​量​,​​​​​​​​​​​
現​在​美​國​陸​軍​工​兵​署​ (US Army's Corps of Engineer - USACE) ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​就是​沿​這​傳​統
設​立​的​​​​​​​​;​​​​​ 這​些​工程​​​​​技​術​後​來​移​轉​到​民​間​, 就​改​稱​為​​​​​​​​​​​​​ ​​​Civil Engineering​ 土​木​土​程
了​, 這​位​英​國​工​程​師​進​一​步​說​, 英​國​對​正​程​師​的​訓​練​是​全面​綜​合​的​, 不​但​在​大​學​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
課裡​, 全​部​要​修​, 出​學​校​後​, 勿​論​在​公​私部​門​工​作​​​, ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​因​評​斷​工​程​師​執​業​資​格​​​​​​的
專​業​技​師​公​會​要​求​, 那​些​初​級​工​程​師​一​定​要​​有這​行​當​裡​各​個​專​業​的​訓​練​, 
所​以​他​的​ Mentor, 或​本​人​自​己​都​極​力​爭​取​吸​收​不​同​的​工​作​經​驗​, 如​此​,
設​計​橋​樑​的​, 就​要​去​瞭​解​土​壤​, 水​文​, 甚​至​水​土​保​持​工​程​了​; 所​以​, 在​台​灣​,
有​這​種​怪​現​象​, 那​都​是​錯​在​一​些​大​人​們​的​短​視​; 我​在​中​華​工​程​顧​問​司​工​作​時​,
​見​到​​有​些​年​輕​工​程​師​, 作​完​橋​樑​設​計​, 上​簽​呈​要​去​工​地​擔​任​監​工​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​, 親自看看
他自巳的設計案, 在施工時, 是否有改進空間, 或​請調​去​土​壤​部​, 全​被​打​回​票​​,​
所以作一輩子橋樑上部結構設計, 直到退休; 

 再來​就​是​沒​有​鼓​勵​創​新​或​改​變​的​各​項​條​件​, 除​了​​​東方​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​的​父​權​權​威​, 不​允​許​不​同
的​意​見​, 再​就​是​壓​抑​新​點​子​, 不​容​許​創​意; 再​就​是​​缺​新​訊​息​管​道​, 出​國​考​察​, 都​是​
些​假​的​,犒​賞​的​成​份​多​, 即​使​參​加​國​際​會​議​, 語​言​能​力​差​, 鴨​子​聽​雷​, ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​蜻​蜓​點​水​, 
產​生​不​了什​麼​作​用​; ​​​​​​​​​​​​

 套用現代流行話, 這叫作 "歷史共業", 大家陷入這困局中, 說先天不足, 後天失調, 
即使大羅神仙來, 也救不活了; ​

 ​再來​談​談​​生態工程工法​, 簡​單​地​說​, ​​​​​就是用自然河溪治理的概念，為生態理由,
利用自然植栽、塊石重力等自然資材工程執行時, 而​一​改​以​往​​用鋼筋及
混凝土以​外的材料, 保存各種生物的棲地, 達到生態多樣性而致平衡;  

 生態工法又稱為生態工程，源於德國學者於1930 年提出的『近自然河溪整治』. 
概念，不過直到1970 年代，美國的系統生態學先驅學者歐登教授才提出有關生態 
工程的​理​論​架​構​; ​​​​​

 ​但​它​的​進​程​極​為​緩​慢​, ​​​​​​​​​​​其根本問題，就在於工程專業業界因專業束縛所造成的
發展停滯。對於同時包含了「生態」與「工程」兩學門的所謂「生態工法」，
需要設法整合這兩個獨立的領域，成為一個新的「超學門」（​M​eta-​D​iscipline）
來執行另一個新的使命。​我​是​在​ 1995 年​一​個​國​際​會​議​上​, 接​觸​到​這​項​新​題​材​,
 隨​後​, 注​意在​應​用​上​, 一​直​停​滯​不​前​, 不​同​於​其​他​的​新​工​法​, 如​加​勁​土​壤
​​ (Reinforced Soil), 地​工​織​物​​應​用​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ (Geosynthetics)..... 甚​至​,
 其​名​稱​也​一​直​修​正​, 從​ Bioengineering, ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Eco-engineering​, ​Ecological 
Engineering​, ​ 到​ ​​Ecotechnology​ (​https://goo.gl/eNCksP​) ​; 
這其中有一原因, 一則工程師欠缺對自然植裁植物的瞭解, 如植物特性, 
特別是根系的剪力, 那是結構土程設計的主要參數, 再就是即使對​植​物​暸​解​的​
農​業​科​系​人​員​, 也​無​從​得​知​工​程​人​員​的​需​要​, 兩​者​老​死​不​相​往​來​,​這​就​難​怪​​台​灣​
河​川​河​岸​, 堤​岸​, 甚​至​河​川​底​床​​都​打​上​水​泥​​​​​​ (基​隆​河​大佳河段​, 也​就​是​那​龍​舟​比​賽
旳​那​段​河​面​, ​​​​​​​​​​​​那​是​一​家​日​本​景​觀建​築​師​幹​的​好​事​, 後​來​在​台​北​的​一​埸​工​程研​討​會
​​上​, 公​然​正​式​道​歉​)​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​; 當​然​, 這​門​​行​當​, 台​灣​也​曾​有​段​短​暫​風​光​​​​​, 那​是​用​​在​ 921 
大​地震​後​復​原​的​工​程​上​, 由​一​位工​程​會​副​主​委​, 是​位​​航​空​博​士​, 強​行​推​動​, 
蠻​幹​硬​幹​, 幹​了​不​少​荒​唐​不​經​的​蠢​事​, 譬​如​用​段​活​的​一​節​​​樹​幹​, 夯​入​土​中​,
 號​稱​ '萌​牙​樁​', 期​望​它​一​兩​週​內​就​能​生​長​出​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​茂​盛​無​比​的​根​系​, 固​土​之​外​, 
尚​有​提​供​​剪​力​, 我​曾​到​過​一​工​地​, 看​到​一​包​工​, 滿​面悲​戚​, 他​在​完​工​後​, 
近​兩​年​拿​不​到​​工​程​款​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​, 原​因​是​那​樹​根​還​未​長​出​呢​, ​​​​通​不​過​驗​收​,所​以​他​每​天​
到​土​地​, 自​己​掏​腰​包​, 為​那​節​樹​幹​施​肥​, 期​望​它​快​點​發​芽​生​根​; 荒​唐​到​如​此​​, 
真是夠了​; ​當​然​那​兩​三​年​作​的​半​調​子​豆​腐​渣​​工​程​, 全​都​打​水​漂​了​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​; 有​些​單​位​,
更​荒​誕​不​經​, 為​了​應​卯​, 搞​些​水​泥​攔​水​壩​, 在​壩​面​用​軍​方​的​偽​裝​色​塗​層​綠​油​漆​,
再​大​張​旗​鼓​, 在​每​個​工​程​研​討​會​上​, 大​力​散​發​文​宣​資​料​, 真​叫​人​哭笑​不​得​;​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​如​此​瞎​整​一​陣​​後​, ​​​​​​​從​此​工​程​界​只​要​聽​到​生​態​工​法​, 頭​皮​發​麻​, 避​之​唯​恐​不​及​; 
他​們​那​知​道​, 那​喬​木​的生​長​時​間​長​, 要​等​個​十​年​, 八​年​的​, 而​草​類​, 或​灌​木​類​
​生​長​期​​​​相​對​短​, 尤​其​是​草​類​, 如​生長​條​件​合​適​, 像​香​根​草​(又名 '培地茅') 的​根​系​, 
一​個​月​內​, ​​​​​可​長​到​ 20 - 30 公​分​, 一​年​內​, 到​ 3 -5 公​尺​;
<image.png>內置圖片 2


​7, 8​ 年​前​, 看​到​一​篇​新​加​坡​的​​​報​導​​​​​​​​​, 為​減​少​海​堤​淘​刷​, 在​河​海​口​的​海​床​上​種​植​海​草​,
​除​有​攔​沙​效​​果外​, 又​可​降​低​海​水溫​度​, 並​便​魚​類​, 貝​殼​的​繁​殖​的​棲​地​; Boston Harbor
在​施​工​港​區​海​床​底​連​造​一​大​型​排​放​隧​道​管​後​, 在​海​床​大​量​種​植​海​草​, 作​生​態​復​育​,
讓​原​因​污​柒​而​消​失​的​魚​群​又​回​來​了​;​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

 我​自​ 1985 年​起​, 連​續​一​列​​​​​​​​​​的所謂 「​柔​性​工​法​​​」​, 如​ ​​​Gabion​「​高​鍍​鋅​機​編​方​形​石​籠​​​​​​​」
​(​這​中​文​名​稱​​​是​我​創​的​), 地​工​織​布​砂​袋​ (GeoContainer), 砂​管​ (Geotube), 排​水​片​,
排​水​帶等十​餘​種​, 歷​經​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​廾​多​年​, 與​官​僚​或​學​匠​打​了​不​少​的​近​身​戰​; ​親​身​体​驗​,
這​才​弄​清​楚​為​何​台​灣​的​公​共​工​程​品​質​是​笑​話​一​埸​, 每​年​上​千​億​工​程​預​算​,
有​一​半​是​打​水​漂​了​;​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
一時想寫的太多, 就此打住;
有興趣想研究生態工程工法的, 可前往下列連結;
​
james





【來長點學問 - 這才是正確的生態工法!
Bioengineering Approach to Streambank & Shoreline Erosion Control
Vegetated Gabions Offer Habitat Complexity for Fishery Streams
USACE - Bioengineering for Streambank Erosion Control Report 1 Guidelines
USDA - The Practical Streambank Bioengineering Guide
USDA - Riparian Restoration
Streambank and Shoreline Protection
Streambank Soil Bioengineering  Approach to Erosion Control 
Soil Bioengineering for Upland Slope Protection and Erosion Reduction
FAO - SOIL BIOENGINEERING MEASURES FOR HILL AND SLOPE STABILIZATION WORKS WITH PLANTS
FAO - Proceedings of the Seminar on Environmentally Sound Forest Roads and Wood Transport
STREAM BANK STABILIZATION WITH VEGETATED GABIONS
The power of sticks and stones, meandering and gabions…. a visit to Quail Springs Permaculture Farm
Assessment of soil bioengineering and conventional methods used in road side slope stabilisation works in Nepal
Gabion and Gabion Mattresses
Naturalize Your Shoreline
Wetland Restoration, Creation and Enhancement
Rapid Permit Checklist for Streams and Floodplains  A User’s Guide 

Maccaferri Gabions
Optimized Program Design of Gravity Dam Section
Technical Sheet 12: Gabions with Live Stakes 


石籠護岸
A guide to managing coastal erosion in beach/dune systems - GABION REVETMENTS

海岸整治與生態工法應用之案例介紹 郭金棟

Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Notes (CHETN)

培地茅在生態生程之应用 Vetiver Bioengineering in Venezuela

http://vetivernetinternational.blogspot.tw/2014/02/vetiver-bioengineering-in-venezuela.html


Vetiver System: A Green Investment For Sustainable Development
Vetiver Grass : A Sustainable Option for Slope Protection and Many Others 
Vetiver Manual

Vetiver System for Slope Stabilization
How does Vetiver stabilize slopes and stop soil erosion?
Vetiver System for Extreme Slope Stabilization
ADB - Applying Vetiver System for Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control in Citarum
Vetiver System for Erosion and Sediment Control, and Stabilisation of Steep Slopes
ADB - Use of Bamboo for Land Stabilization, Soil Erosion Control, Water Catchment Rehabilitation, and Effluent Treatment in Citarum River Basin
Case Study - Vetiver Grass on steep batter slopes at Gove
Effectiveness of vetiver root in embankment slope protection: Bangladesh perspective
VETIVER SYSTEM FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
Vetiver Grass for Land Stabilisation and Reclamation

Vetiver Grass Root Shear Strength
AN
ASSESSMENT
 OF
 STRENGTH
 PROPERTIES 
OF
 VETIVER 
GRASS 
ROOTS 
IN
 RELATION
 TO 
SLOPE
 STABILIZATION
Effect of vetiver grass root on the shear strength of completely decomposed volcanic tuff and pull-out resistance of the root
Vetiver/Clay Follow-up Report
Construction of Paddy Storage Silo Using Vetiver Grass and Clay 


VETIVER SYSTEM FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 
The Application of the Vetiver System in Erosion Control and  Stabilization for Highways Construction and Maintenance  in Thailand
Vetiver System application to control severe river bank erosion  in Cambodia
REPORT FROM DR. PAUL TRUONG, ADB PDA APPROVED CONSULTANT,  APPOINTED BY THE “EA” TO ADVISE AND PROVIDE DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR  THE PDA IN SELECTED LOCATIONS FOR APPLICATION OF VETIVER SYSTEM  IN THE CITARUM RIVER BASIN

VETIVER SYSTEM IN RIVER AND CANAL BANK  STABILISATION IN CENTRAL VIETNAM 
Hydraulic Characteristics Of Vetiver Hedges: An Engineering Design Approach To Flood Mitigation On A Cropped Flood Plain.
Performance of Vetiver Grass in Protecting Embankments on the Bangladesh  Coast against Cyclonic Tidal Surge 
An Assessment of Strength Properties of Vetiver Grass Roots in Relation to Slope Stabilization

Stabilization of a 2000 km highway in Vietnam. The vital role of the Vetiver System.

Soil Erosion - A Hidden Catastrophe not far away!
Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production 
Vetiver System (Vetiver Grass) : Water and Soil Conservation
Farmers’ Perception on the Role of Vetiver Grass in Soil and Water  Conservation in South Western Ethiopia:-The Case of Tulube Peasant  Association; Metu District 

The Vetiver Network International (TVNI)
VETIVER SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Application of the Vetiver System for Wastewater Treatment: An Innovative Nutrient Removal Technology for Sewage Water Treatment in Southern Guam
Treating Industrial waste water with Vetiver
 COMPUTER MODEL FOR TREATMENT  OF SMALL VOLUME WASTEWATER
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING  VETIVER FLOATS IN AUSTRALIA
Study on Vetiver’s Purification for Wastewater from Pig Farm
OMOKOROA ESCARPMENT  STABILISATION    A PROPOSED ACTION PLAN INTEGRATING  HARD & SOFT ENGINEERING


Vetiver培地茅
http://grassland.agron.ntu.edu.tw/vetiver.htm
培地茅在泥岩地區之適用性探討  王裕文  國立台灣大學農藝學系

綠色草籬--培地茅特性及應用簡介
培地茅雨水質淨化 

農田防風防砂的植物[小時候我們叫它香草因為它的根很香]

神奇植物---培地茅


香根草（又名培地茅、岩蘭草，國際通用名稱為Vetiver，學名Chrysopogon zizanioides）

Group picture

Grass (Plant) Root System Shear Strength (Pull-Out Resistance) for Erosion Control
Effect of vetiver grass root on the shear strength of completely decomposed volcanic tuff and pull-out resistance of the root
http://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/150570

Biotechnical engineering on alluvial riverbanks of  southeastern Australia:  A quantified model of the earth-reinforcing properties of some native riparian trees
Pull-out resistance investigations as a criteria for the selection of plants for soil bioengineering measures in South Brazil
Vertical and lateral uprooting resistance of Salix matsudana Koidz in a riparian area
Live root-wood tensile strength of Populus  euramericana, ‘Veronese poplar’ 
Mechanical Reinforcement of Soil by Willow Roots: Impacts of Root Properties and Root Failure Mechanism

Vetiver Grass
 The Shear Strength of Vetiver

Root Tensile Strength as an Indicator of Performance of Indigenous Riparian Plants - How Do They Rank?
Determining Root-Soil Anchorage Strength with a Modified Pentrometer

根量對根繫土壤剪力行為之影響
石門集水區優勢植物土根系統三維力學轉換模式之發展
培地茅根系碎形維度及抗拉力 
山黃麻根系對其土/根系統抗剪強度增量之影響評估
植生邊坡承受風載重之穩定性量化評估
ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF SHEAR STRENGTH INCREMENT  DUE TO ROOT ON THE STABILITY OF MAKINO BAMBOO FOREST  SLOPELAND 
SHEAR STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF MAKINO BAMBOO  SOIL/ROOT SYSTEM
The root anchorage ability of Salix alba var. tristis using  a pull-out test
PULL-OUT RESISTANCE OF 3 DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES AND  THEIR APPLICATION IN SLOPE STABILIZATION WORKS 
Root reinforcement by hawthorn and oak roots on a highway cut-slope in Southern England
The variability of root cohesion as an influence on shallow landslide susceptibility in the Oregon Coast Range
Mechanical Characteristics of Peanut Root System and its Tribological Properties against Soil
3-D numerical investigations into the shear strength of the soil–root system of Makino bamboo and its effect on slope stability
Assesing tree-root & soil interaction using pull-out test apparatus
Comparison of the root system architecture between  windthrown and undamaged spruces growing  in poorly drained sites
Effect of Tree Roots on Shallow-Seated Landslides1
Plant root biomechanics and slope stabilisation
Effect of Tree Roots on Shallow-Seated Landslides
Pull-out method for direct measuring the interfacial shear strength between short plant fibers and thermoplastic polymer composites (TPC)

Vegetation and slope stability
Mountain Slope Stability  and Land Use

Effect of Vetiver Grass Root on the Shear Strength of Completely Decomposed Volcanic Tuff and Pull-out Resistance of the Root
Temporal and spatial variability in root reinforcement of streambanks: Accounting for soil shear strength and moisture
Analysis of the relationship between tree structure and biomechanical functions 
RESPONSES OF YOUNG TREES TO WIND: EFFECTS ON ROOT ARCHITECTURE AND ANCHORAGE STRENGTH

AN
ASSESSMENT 
OF 
STRENGTH 
PROPERTIES
 OF
 VETIVER 
GRASS
 ROOTS 
IN 
RELATION 
TO
 SLOPE
 STABILIZATION


Effect of Vetiver Grass Root on the Shear Strength of Completely Decomposed Volcanic Tuff and Pull-out Resistance of the Root

How does Vetiver stabilize slopes and stop soil erosion
http://www.erosioncontrolhawaii.com/erosioncontrol.html

VETIVER SYSTEM FOR INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION

Performance of Vetiver Grass in Protecting Embankments on the Bangladesh Coast against Cyclonic Tidal Surge

Hydraulic Characteristics Of Vetiver Hedges: An Engineering Design Approach To Flood Mitigation On A Cropped Flood Plain

Vetiver System: A Green Investment For Sustainable Development

An Experimental Investigation of the Resistance of Model Root Systems to Uprooting

The comparison between the resistance of tree roots to shallow landslide by in-situ direct shear test and the pullout resistance of tree roots

The Influences of Root Branching  Patterns on Pullout Resistance 
Root System Pull-out Resistance
ARMORMAX ™  Anchored Reinforced Vegetation System

楊柳之用大矣!! NI Water to trial willows for sewage wastewater in biofiltration first - WWT
http://wwtonline.edie.net/news/ni-water-to-trial-willows-in-biofiltration-first#.UgRm_pKxUTg

Willows Wastewater Treatment Plant in California

FAO - Poplars (白楊木) & Willows 
Grow Poplar & Willow Tree on Farm (Sustainable Practice)
FAO - Poplar & Willow Newsletter

Willow & Streambank Stabilization
How to Control Streambank Erosion
USACE - Bioengineering For Streambank Erosion Control
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